Standard fasteners mainly include bolts, studs, screws, set screws, nuts, washers and rivets.
There are many structural types of bolts, and most of the heads are hexagonal. For bolts subjected to impact, vibration or variable load, in order to increase flexibility, the polished rod part is made into a thin section or hollow. The seat end of the stud is screwed into the threaded hole of the connected piece, and the nut equipped with the nut end is similar to the bolt nut. The structure of the screw is roughly the same as that of the bolt, but the head shape is diverse to adapt to different assembly space, tightening degree and connection appearance. Set screws have different head and end shapes to accommodate different tightening degrees. There are also many types of nuts, with the hexagonal shape being the most widely used.